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Cake day: July 4th, 2023

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  • I’m sure someone will come along and point out that the 90s were no more or less peaceful than any other decade

    Not to be that guy, but there was the whole Bosnian Genocide thing from 92-95 and the Gulf War from 90-91 that really legitimized the US practice of inference in the Middle East in the eyes of many US citizens. Up until then, most Americans still saw intervention a la the Iran Contra Affair as a negative.

    Plus, the Troubles in North Ireland were still in pretty high gear until 1998, most of Africa was involved in civil wars and ethnic cleansing for a large chunk of the 90’s, and the collapse of the USSR, which was viewed as a positive in many parts of the world, did leave a power vacuum that resulted in numerous civil wars and militant separatist movements throughout eastern Europe and western Asia












  • Agreed, that’s my whole point. It was not the ideal way to get where we are, but it’s how it happened. There was a… I don’t want to say purpose, but “benefit,” might be the right word.

    If we were designing things from scratch, then obviously religion would be left out. But it’s an unfortunate accident of the evolution of consciousness and evolution of civilization that certain societal benefits were included with the magical thinking. Just like the health of the human gut biome is tied to the existence of the appendix, even through the appendix doesn’t provide much in the way of direct benefits these days and can become inflamed and kill us.


  • The supernatural claims are just a byproduct of the mechanism that passed along the creation myths and cultural norms. It would be great if that wasn’t how it happened, but it did. Rational people can agree at this point that the magical thinking is a net negative for society, but IMO, to ignore that there were some positives to come along with religion is the same sort of blind denial that religious folks use.

    It was a collective delusion to soothe ancient fears of a world we could not comprehend

    Agreed, but can’t you see that that was an advantage during the formative ages of society and civilization?




  • Autoionization and the reverse reaction are constantly happening in water, and when the reaction is happening at the same rate forward and backward the system is said to be “at dynamic equilibrium” (aka, stuff is happening, but there’s no net change)

    In pure water, the equilibrium concentration of hydronium and hydroxide are equal, so it’s said to be neutral. At room temperature, that equilibrium concentration is approximately 1*10^-7 moles per liter, which gives a pH of 7 (since pH is defined as the negative log _10 of hydronium concentration)


  • Kinda, but not really. Deuterium exists naturally in more or less the ratio as it has since the solar system first coalesced.

    Also, deuterium is a component of heavy water, but the term “deuterium” actually referred to the specific isotope of hydrogen where the nucleus consists of one proton and one neutron, as opposed to a single proton (which is the more common isotope)



  • That’s why the meme works. It’s not because water autoionizes; it’s because water is amphoteric, meaning it can act as either a Brønsted-Lowry acid or BL base depending on what what it’s reacting with. Put water with ammonia, and water acts as an acid. Put water with acetic acid, and it acts as a base

    Source: I teach college chemistry